ar (Unix) since all COFF libraries use that same format.UEFI and EFI firmware use Portable Executable files for applications, as well as the Windows ABI. This contrasts with ELF which uses fully position-independent code and a global offset table, which trades off execution time in favor of lower memory usage.NET, metadata, and the PE format In the no rebase case PE therefore has the advantage of very efficient code, but in the presence of rebasing the memory usage hit can be expensive. For this reason rebasing is to be avoided wherever possible, and the DLLs shipped by Microsoft have base addresses pre-computed so as not to overlap. It also slows down loading of the module significantly.

The resulting code is now private to the process and no longer shareable, so many of the memory saving benefits of DLLs are lost in this scenario. Base relocations are stored in a list and added, as needed, to an existing memory location. This is then added to the preferred address to come up with the new address of the memory location. The loader does this by comparing the preferred and actual load addresses, and calculating a delta value. This involves recalculating every absolute address and modifying the code to use the new values. If a PE file cannot be loaded at its preferred address (because it's already taken by something else), the operating system will rebase it. Instead they are compiled to a preferred base address, and all addresses emitted by the compiler/linker are fixed ahead of time. PE files normally do not contain position-independent code. If the compiler knows ahead of time that a call will be inter-module (via a dllimport attribute) it can produce more optimized code that simply results in an indirect call opcode. Though this adds an extra jump over the cost of an intra-module call resulting in a performance penalty, it provides a key benefit: The number of memory pages that need to be copy-on-write changed by the loader is minimized, saving memory and disk I/O time. As the dynamic linker loads modules and joins them together, it writes actual addresses into the IAT slots, so that they point to the memory locations of the corresponding library functions. Because a compiled program cannot know the memory location of the libraries it depends upon, an indirect jump is required whenever an API call is made. It can be in the form of both import by ordinal and import by name.

One section of note is the import address table (IAT), which is used as a lookup table when the application is calling a function in a different module.

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